Cancer: The Silent Killer

“Cancer is a formidable threat that the world fears, with its incidence rates steadily rising year by year. According to the National Cancer Prevention and Control Plan (2018–2022) by the Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, global cancer statistics reveal that cancer is currently one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Consequently, cancer has become a significant public health issue for every nation.”

Causes of Cancer!!

Over 90% of cancer cases are caused by external factors, not genetic inheritance within families as many people believe. These external factors are related to risky behaviors and lifestyle choices that increase the likelihood of developing cancer, including:

• Consuming grilled meats, fried foods, high-fat foods, or repeatedly eating the same types of food.
• Smoking (linked to various types of cancer).
• Alcohol consumption.
• Stress.
• Exposure to radiation.
• Frequent use of chemicals.
• Infections from viruses, bacteria, or parasites.
• Deficiencies in the immune system.
• Obesity.
• Lack of exercise.
• Not regularly eating fresh fruits and vegetables.

7 Warning Signs of “Cancer”

• Changes in bowel or bladder habits
• Chronic, non-Healing wounds
• Unusual lumps on the body
• Difficulty swallowing
• Unexplained bleeding from any orifice
• Changes in moles or warts
• Persistent cough or hoarseness

Some Cancers Show No Symptoms!!

Certain kinds of cancer may not cause any obvious changes in the body. Therefore, the best approach is cancer screening, since it detects internal abnormalities before symptoms appear, allows for early detection of serious diseases, provides timely treatment, and significantly increases the chances of recovery. Currently, cancer screening is highly effective for a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer.

Top 5 Most Common Cancers in Thailand

1. Liver and Bile Duct Cancer

Liver Cancer: This is the most common cancer in Thailand, occurring three times more frequently in men than women, particularly between the ages of 30–70. In its early stages, liver cancer often shows no symptoms, and by the time it is diagnosed, it is usually in the advanced stages, making treatment difficult and leading to a high mortality rate. Major causes include hepatitis virus infection, alcohol consumption, aflatoxin exposure, certain medications, and genetics.

Bile Duct Cancer: This cancer is more common in men than women, with most patients being over 40 years old. A significant risk factor is consuming raw or undercooked, especially raw freshwater fish, which can lead to liver fluke infections. Other contributing factors include a family history of bile duct cancer, chronic bile duct inflammation, and smoking.

2. Breast Cancer

About 90% of breast cancer cases originate from the milk glands and ducts. It can begin to develop from adolescence and becomes more common with age, especially in women over 40. However, men can also develop breast cancer, although it is less common. Risk factors for breast cancer include a high-fat diet, consuming fast food, smoking, regular alcohol consumption, and lack of regular exercise.

3. Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is currently one of the most common cancers in Thailand. Studies show that over 85% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking, and an additional 30% come from exposure to secondhand smoke. Early symptoms often include coughing with phlegm or blood, chest pain, wheezing, rapid breathing, and loss of appetite. Risk factors for lung cancer include smoking, inhaling secondhand smoke, exposure to dust, and prolonged exposure to air pollution.

4. Colorectal Cancer (Colon and Rectal Cancer)

Colorectal cancer is another common and leading cause of death among cancer patients in Thailand. This disease can affect individuals of all ages, particularly those in the workforce. Symptoms of colorectal cancer often include blood in the stool, weight loss, and chronic inflammation of the intestines. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include being over 50 years old, having a family history of colorectal cancer, previous detection of polyps in the colon, and a history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

5. Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is one of the most concerning cancers for women, as it is relatively common and has a high risk of occurrence. It is not surprising that around 500,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year, and it remains one of the top cancers in Thai women, particularly in those aged 30-70 years (with the highest frequency in women over 50). In the early stages of precancerous stages, there are usually no symptoms. However, if there is abnormal bleeding from the vagina, prolonged menstruation, or bleeding after menopause, along with abnormal discharge that may have an unusual smell, it is crucial to seek medical attention. Risk factors for cervical cancer include having early sexual activity (under 18), frequent changes in sexual partners, engaging in inappropriate sexual behaviors, having a weakened immune system, and smoking or being in close contact with smokers.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The challenge is that by the time we realize we have these diseases or start showing symptoms, it is often in the advanced stages. However, wouldn’t it be better to prepare ourselves early by regularly undergoing health check-ups every year, including thorough cancer screenings. This allows us to understand our body’s condition and internal risks, and allow us to plan for health maintenance to prevent future illnesses. By doing so, we can reduce health concerns and improve our quality of life.